xmet/lib/xmet/thermo.py

118 lines
3.4 KiB
Python

from typing import Callable
LAPSE_RATE_DRY = 9.8 / 1000 # degrees C per km
LAPSE_RATE_MOIST = 4.0 / 1000
PRESSURE_MAX = 1050 # millibar
PRESSURE_MIN = 100
PRESSURE_STEP = 50
def kelvin(c: float) -> float:
return 273.15 + c
def vapor_pressure(dewpoint: float) -> float:
"""
Return the pressure, in millibar, of vapor in a parcel of a given
dewpoint.
"""
return 6.11 * 10 ** ((7.5 * dewpoint) / (237.3 + dewpoint))
def saturated_vapor_pressure(temp: float) -> float:
"""
Return the pressure, in millbar, at which the vapor and condensation of a
parcel of a given temperature are at equilibrium.
"""
return 6.11 * 10 ** ((7.5 * temp) / (237.3 + temp))
def mixing_ratio(dewpoint: float, pressure: float) -> float:
"""
Return the amount, in kilograms, of water vapor versus dry air in a parcel
of a given dewpoint and pressure.
"""
e = vapor_pressure(dewpoint)
return (0.62197 * e) / (pressure - e)
def saturated_mixing_ratio(temp: float, pressure: float) -> float:
"""
Return the maximum amount, in kilograms, of water vapor a parcel of a
given temperature and pressure can hold.
"""
es = saturated_vapor_pressure(temp)
return (0.62197 * es) / (pressure - es)
def lcl(temp: float, dewpoint: float) -> float:
"""
Return the height, in meters, at which a parcel of the given temperature
is cooled to the given dewpoint.
"""
return (temp - dewpoint) / 0.008
def pressure_height(pressure: float) -> float:
"""
Return the approximate altitude, in meters, for a given pressure in
millibar.
"""
return (1 - (pressure / 1013.25) ** 0.190284) * 145366.45 * 0.3048
def lapse(temp: float, delta: float, rate=LAPSE_RATE_DRY) -> float:
"""
Return the temperature of a parcel cooled at the dry lapse rate for a
given increase in height (in meters).
"""
return temp - (rate * delta)
def moist_lapse_rate(temp: float, pressure: float) -> float:
g = 9.8076
Hv = 2501000
Rsd = 287
Rsw = 461.5
Cpd = 1003.5
r = saturated_mixing_ratio(temp, pressure)
T = kelvin(temp)
return g * (1 + (Hv * r) / (Rsd * T)) \
/ (Cpd + (((Hv**2) * r) / (Rsw * (T**2))))
def loft_parcel(start_temp: float,
start_pressure: float,
lapse_rate: Callable):
"""
Loft a parcel of air from a given pressure, at a given temperature,
yielding a Tuple containing the temperature and pressure of that parcel
at each increment of elevation. A Callable which, given a temperature,
dewpoint, pressure value, will be dispatched to obtain the lapse rate
for each height.
"""
start_height = pressure_height(start_pressure)
sx_last = None
sy_last = None
height_last = None
temp = start_temp
pressure = start_pressure
while pressure >= PRESSURE_MIN:
height = pressure_height(pressure)
if height_last is None:
height_last = height
try:
rate = lapse_rate(temp, pressure)
except OverflowError:
break
temp = lapse(temp, height - height_last, rate)
yield temp, pressure
height_last = height
if pressure == PRESSURE_MIN:
break
elif pressure - 10.0 < PRESSURE_MIN:
pressure = PRESSURE_MIN
else:
pressure -= 10.0