========================
Upper Air BUFR Soundings
========================
`Notebook <http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/Unidata/python-awips/blob/master/examples/notebooks/Upper_Air_BUFR_Soundings.ipynb>`_
The following script takes you through the steps of retrieving an Upper
Air vertical profile from an AWIPS EDEX server and plotting a
Skew-T/Log-P chart with Matplotlib and MetPy.

The **bufrua** plugin returns separate objects for parameters at
**mandatory levels** and at **significant temperature levels**. For the
Skew-T/Log-P plot, significant temperature levels are used to plot the
pressure, temperature, and dewpoint lines, while mandatory levels are
used to plot the wind profile.

.. code:: ipython3

    %matplotlib inline
    from awips.dataaccess import DataAccessLayer
    import matplotlib.tri as mtri
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import inset_axes
    import numpy as np
    import math
    from metpy.calc import wind_speed, wind_components, lcl, dry_lapse, parcel_profile
    from metpy.plots import SkewT, Hodograph
    from metpy.units import units, concatenate
    
    # Set host
    DataAccessLayer.changeEDEXHost("edex-cloud.unidata.ucar.edu")
    request = DataAccessLayer.newDataRequest()
    
    # Set data type
    request.setDatatype("bufrua")
    availableLocs = DataAccessLayer.getAvailableLocationNames(request)
    availableLocs.sort()
        
    MAN_PARAMS = set(['prMan', 'htMan', 'tpMan', 'tdMan', 'wdMan', 'wsMan'])
    SIGT_PARAMS = set(['prSigT', 'tpSigT', 'tdSigT'])
    request.setParameters("wmoStaNum", "validTime", "rptType", "staElev", "numMand",
                          "numSigT", "numSigW", "numTrop", "numMwnd", "staName")
    request.getParameters().extend(MAN_PARAMS)
    request.getParameters().extend(SIGT_PARAMS)
    locations = DataAccessLayer.getAvailableLocationNames(request)
    locations.sort()
    
    # Set station ID (not name)
    request.setLocationNames("72562") #KLBF
    
    # Get all times
    datatimes = DataAccessLayer.getAvailableTimes(request)
    
    # Get most recent record
    response = DataAccessLayer.getGeometryData(request,times=datatimes[-1].validPeriod)
    
    # Initialize data arrays
    tdMan,tpMan,prMan,wdMan,wsMan = np.array([]),np.array([]),np.array([]),np.array([]),np.array([])
    prSig,tpSig,tdSig = np.array([]),np.array([]),np.array([])
    manGeos = []
    sigtGeos = []
    
    # Build  arrays
    for ob in response:
        parm_array = ob.getParameters()
        if set(parm_array) & MAN_PARAMS:
            manGeos.append(ob)
            prMan = np.append(prMan,ob.getNumber("prMan"))
            tpMan, tpUnit = np.append(tpMan,ob.getNumber("tpMan")), ob.getUnit("tpMan")
            tdMan, tdUnit = np.append(tdMan,ob.getNumber("tdMan")), ob.getUnit("tdMan")
            wdMan = np.append(wdMan,ob.getNumber("wdMan"))
            wsMan, wsUnit = np.append(wsMan,ob.getNumber("wsMan")), ob.getUnit("wsMan")
            continue
        if set(parm_array) & SIGT_PARAMS:
            sigtGeos.append(ob)
            prSig = np.append(prSig,ob.getNumber("prSigT"))
            tpSig = np.append(tpSig,ob.getNumber("tpSigT"))
            tdSig = np.append(tdSig,ob.getNumber("tdSigT"))
            continue
    
    # Sort mandatory levels (but not sigT levels) because of the 1000.MB interpolation inclusion
    ps = prMan.argsort()[::-1]
    wpres = prMan[ps]
    direc = wdMan[ps]
    spd   = wsMan[ps]
    tman = tpMan[ps]
    dman = tdMan[ps]
    
    # Flag missing data
    prSig[prSig <= -9999] = np.nan
    tpSig[tpSig <= -9999] = np.nan
    tdSig[tdSig <= -9999] = np.nan
    wpres[wpres <= -9999] = np.nan
    tman[tman <= -9999] = np.nan
    dman[dman <= -9999] = np.nan
    direc[direc <= -9999] = np.nan
    spd[spd <= -9999] = np.nan
    
    # assign units
    p = (prSig/100) * units.mbar
    wpres = (wpres/100) * units.mbar
    u,v = wind_components(spd * units.knots, np.deg2rad(direc))
    
    if tpUnit == 'K':
        T = (tpSig-273.15) * units.degC
        Td = (tdSig-273.15) * units.degC
        tman = tman * units.degC
        dman = dman * units.degC
    
    # Create SkewT/LogP
    plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 12)
    skew = SkewT()
    skew.plot(p, T, 'r', linewidth=2)
    skew.plot(p, Td, 'g', linewidth=2)
    skew.plot_barbs(wpres, u, v)
    skew.ax.set_ylim(1000, 100)
    skew.ax.set_xlim(-60, 30)
    
    title_string = " T(F)   Td   " 
    title_string +=  " " + str(ob.getString("staName"))
    title_string += " " + str(ob.getDataTime().getRefTime())
    title_string += " (" + str(ob.getNumber("staElev")) + "m elev)"
    title_string += "\n" + str(round(T[0].to('degF').item(),1))
    title_string += "  " + str(round(Td[0].to('degF').item(),1))
    plt.title(title_string, loc='left')
    
    # Calculate LCL height and plot as black dot
    lcl_pressure, lcl_temperature = lcl(p[0], T[0], Td[0])
    skew.plot(lcl_pressure, lcl_temperature, 'ko', markerfacecolor='black')
    
    # Calculate full parcel profile and add to plot as black line
    prof = parcel_profile(p, T[0], Td[0]).to('degC')
    skew.plot(p, prof, 'k', linewidth=2)
    
    # An example of a slanted line at constant T -- in this case the 0 isotherm
    l = skew.ax.axvline(0, color='c', linestyle='--', linewidth=2)
    
    # Draw hodograph
    ax_hod = inset_axes(skew.ax, '30%', '30%', loc=3)
    h = Hodograph(ax_hod, component_range=max(wsMan))
    h.add_grid(increment=20)
    h.plot_colormapped(u, v, spd)
    
    # Show the plot
    plt.show()



.. image:: Upper_Air_BUFR_Soundings_files/Upper_Air_BUFR_Soundings_1_0.png